Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Literature

Issue-9(September), Volume-2 2025

1. OVER QUALIFICATION AND INNOVATION: THE IMPACT OF EMPOWERMENT, FIT, AND...
9

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
1-9
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17034220

This study aims to investigate the impact of over qualification on innovative performance among personnel in the South African Police Service (SAPS), focusing specifically on how psychological empowerment, person-job fit, and perceived organizational support influence this relationship. Despite a high incidence of over qualification within SAPS, many overqualified employees remain underutilized, resulting in decreased motivation and limited innovation. Existing research lacks a comprehensive understanding of how empowerment, fit, and support can transform over qualification into a strategic asset to drive innovation in policing. Preliminary literature indicates that over qualification can either hinder or enhance innovation depending on the presence of enabling factors such as empowerment, fit, and support. Empowered and well-supported overqualified employees with good person-job fit tend to exhibit higher levels of innovative behavior, which is critical for addressing the complex challenges faced by SAPS. This study contributes to filling a critical gap in policing research by contextualizing the dynamics of over qualification and innovation within SAPS. It integrates theories of psychological empowerment, person-job fit, and organizational support to offer a nuanced framework for harnessing human capital in the public policing sector. Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, the study will collect data from a stratified random sample of SAPS personnel using validated survey instruments. Data will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test hypothesized relationships systematically and empirically. Understanding and leveraging the interplay of over qualification, empowerment, fit, and support can enable SAPS to optimize its human resources, foster innovation, improve morale, and enhance overall policing effectiveness. The study offers practical recommendations for human resource management reforms aimed at transforming over qualification into a strategic advantage.

2. TEACHER PERCEPTIONS AS A PREDICTOR OF CBE IMPLEMENTATION IN KENYA: A C...
11

Emily A. NYAKITI*, Onga’ng’a H...
Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education,School Of Education and Lifelong Learning-Kenyatta University, Kenya
10-16
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17061591

Teacher perceptions significantly influence implementation of curricula. Competency-Based Education (CBE), in Kenya could not be any different. teacher ‘s positive perceptions that could stem, from adequate training, limited resources, and a clear understanding of the curriculum, can be associated with the successful or failure in CBE implementation. Conversely, negative perceptions, often linked to perceived inadequacies in training or resources, can hinder the process. This study explores the perceptions of pre-primary educators regarding the implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Kenya. With the CBC now making a paradigm shift from sheer nurturing of talent to the actual learning outcomes(use of the talents), understanding the views of early childhood educators of the same remains critical, as they serve as the foundation for lifelong learning. The research examines the extent to which pre-primary school teachers understand CBE principles, their preparedness, the resources available, and the opportunities and challenges they encounter during implementation. A qualitative research design was adopted, using interviews and focus group discussions with pre-primary teachers across selected public and private schools. Findings reveal a mixture of optimism and concern among educators -while many appreciate the learner-centered and skills-oriented approach of the CBE, they also report challenges related to limited training, insufficient instructional materials, and high teacher-pupil ratios. The study recommends targeted professional development, improved resource allocation, and supportive policy frameworks to enhance effective CBC implementation at the foundational level.

3. Tribulations Inherent in Mourning Rituals and Practices in Asare Konad...
2

SIDI CHABI Moussa*
Associate Professor of Anglophone African Literature, Department of Anglophone Studies and Faculty of Letters, Arts and Human Sciences, University of Parakou (UP), Parakou, Republic of BÉNIN
17-26
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17061676

This article aims at examining critically the tribulations related to mourning rituals and practices from a literary point of view through the lens of Asare Konadu‟s Ordained by the Oracle and at unveiling widowers‟ plight in Africa as exposed in the novel. The novel explores the clash between traditional Akan customs and modern beliefs in Ghana. The story centres on Boateng, a prosperous trader, who begins to question these customs after the sudden death of his wife. As he undergoes traditional funeral rituals, he gains a deeper understanding of their significance and the spiritual world. This research work is salient in the sense that it explores widowers‟ predicament in the arena of African traditional religion and its impact on the living spouses, namely the husbands. The qualitative research methodology is used in this study in order to find relevant information or data through documentary research. This methodology has permitted me to collect and analyse data coming from Internet sources, such as E-books and academic articles, and from library sources in order to carry out this research work efficiently. To conduct this study, I have employed two literary theories, namely sociological criticism which deals with the values of the society and how they are used in literary works, and mythological criticism which puts a particular emphasis on the subject of death and life which is present in the novel. The study has found that mourning rituals and practices as they appear in the novel under study are too hard and need to be alleviated as far as possible. It concludes that widowers deserve a good treatment in Ghana where the novel is set and in Africa at large.

4. The Relationship between Social Identity and Hope: The Moderating Role...
10

Dilek Baran*
St. Clements University
27-32
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17066566

This study examines the relationship between individuals’ social identities and levels of hope. It further analyzes how this relationship is shaped by belief in social justice and the potential for collective action. Findings from this quantitative research conducted with 176 participants reveal that belief in social justice positively affects individuals’ levels of hope, while collective action potential strengthens group-based solidarity and promotes social change. In conclusion, belief in social justice and collective action potential play significant roles in enhancing individuals’ hope. This study offers important contributions for strategies of social change and for efforts aimed at increasing individuals’ hopes.

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRANTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: AN ANALYSIS IN THE CONTE...
5

Dr. Ozge Tenlik*
St. Clements University
33-38
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17105174

Environmental crises caused by global climate change are making migration movements increasingly visible and unavoidable. Rising sea levels, desertification, droughts, and floods are forcing millions of people to leave their homes (Biermann & Boas, 2010). In this context, individuals referred to as “environmental migrants” or “climate refugees” remain in a definitional and legal vacuum under international law (McAdam, 2012). The 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention covers only those fleeing persecution based on “race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion,” and excludes individuals displaced for environmental reasons (UNHCR, 2020). Consequently, climate change-induced migration surpasses the limits of existing refugee law and highlights the urgent need for new normative frameworks. In recent years, international texts such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have begun acknowledging the impact of climate change on migration (Bodansky, 2016). However, these documents fall short of providing direct legal protection for environmental migrants. The International Organization for Migration (IOM, 2022) stresses that environmental migration must be addressed not only as a humanitarian issue but also from the perspectives of security, development, and human rights. This article examines the protection gaps faced by environmental migrants in international law, evaluates existing frameworks, and proposes potential solutions. It argues that protecting environmental migrants on the basis of human rights aligns with the principles of climate justice and global responsibility (Betts, 2013).

6. BASIC CHALLENGES OF URBAN CULTURE IN HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE NEW ERA T...
5

Nguyen Thi Lich*
Tan Tao University
39-41
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17129204

Ho Chi Minh City, the largest metropolis in Vietnam, is also facing a series of cultural challenges in the context of globalization and rapid urbanization. Increased migration, economic pressures, consumer lifestyles, and digital technology have eroded community spirit and changed urban values. At the same time, the local cultural identity is at risk of fading when public spaces are commercialized and the living environment is degraded. From the perspective of cultural philosophy and development philosophy, the study emphasizes the need for harmony between economy, spirit, and environment, thereby affirming the role of the humanistic value system and Vietnamese identity in creating a Ho Chi Minh City with modernity, creativity, and sustainability.

7. FEAR OF EXCLUSION AND THE INVISIBLE CHAINS OF SOCIAL BONDS: A SURVEY S...
4

Gulay Gumus*
St. Clements University
42-49
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17154762

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between individuals’ fear of exclusion and the strength of their social bonds. Social exclusion is a critical phenomenon with significant implications for psychological well-being and social adjustment. A survey was administered to a sample of 342 participants from different regions of Turkey with diverse age and educational backgrounds, assessing fear of exclusion, social connectedness, perceived social exclusion, and sense of belonging. The results revealed that individuals with high levels of fear of exclusion reported significantly lower levels of social connectedness (p < .05). Conversely, strong social support mechanisms from family, friends, and institutions were found to be associated with reduced fear of exclusion. Furthermore, high fear of exclusion was related to a greater tendency to conform to social norms. These findings suggest that strong social bonds function as a protective factor mitigating fear of exclusion and its adverse psychological outcomes.

8. The God Prompt and Deus Ex Machina: Techno-Theological Tropes and Oper...
4

James Hutson*
Lindenwood University, USA
50-57
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17194116

This study reframes two durable tropes—the ―God Prompt‖ and the deus ex machina—as analytic lenses for understanding how contemporary generative systems stage beginnings and endings of cultural production. The ―God Prompt‖ denotes command-driven synthesis in which minimal textual instructions instantiate content on demand, crystallizing a production loop of input, model execution, and post hoc evaluation that orients anticipation toward instantaneous yield and controllable variation. The deus ex machina names an externally imposed resolution that interrupts causal development—historically a crane-borne god, functionally an algorithmic override—thereby concentrating attention on closure mechanics rather than world-building continuity. Read together, the pair offers a compact comparative grid: locus of initiative (ex ante instruction versus ex post intervention), degree of system opacity (foregrounded prompting versus backstage mechanism), temporal signature (generation-as-inception versus intervention-as-termination), and authorship dynamics (distributed cueing versus imposed solution). The article operationalizes this grid across heterogeneous materials—prompt marketplaces, persona scripts, interface logs, and narrative case studies—to show how users internalize the ―grammar of prompting‖ while platforms increasingly standardize ―mechanics of closure.‖ The analysis yields testable predictions: longer or more structured prompts should increase perceived user agency and authorial claim, whereas abrupt machine-led resolutions should depress perceived coherence unless licensed by genre convention or interface signaling. By treating both tropes as cognitive scaffolds and infrastructural habits rather than theological or ethical claims, the study supplies a portable vocabulary for design research, narratology, and science-and-technology studies to evaluate how generative media choreograph control, surprise, and the price of narrative closure.

9. Narratives of Graduate School Students in a Philippine University: Opp...
7

Marlon S. Pontillas*, Jose B....
Iriga City, Camarines Sur
58-65
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17213788

This study explored the opportunities and challenges encountered by graduate students in research paper writing at the University of Saint Anthony (USANT), Iriga City, using narrative inquiry. Guided by Academic Literacies Theory, Bandura‘s SelfEfficacy Theory, and Vygotsky‘s Sociocultural Theory, the study sought to understand how personal, institutional, and policy-related factors shaped graduate students‘ writing trajectories. Five purposively selected participants, referred to as Emma, Juan, Maria, Veron, and Lucia (pseudonyms), shared their stories through in-depth interviews conducted in August 2025. Their narratives revealed that research writing created opportunities for resilience, confidence-building, and identity formation, supported by peer collaboration, supervision, and institutional resources. At the same time, challenges emerged in the form of time constraints, writing anxiety, selfdoubt, unclear supervisory feedback, and the pressures of complying with CHED Memorandum Order No. 15 (2019). Cross-case analysis showed that while institutional resources such as libraries and databases supported productivity, national policy requirements often heightened pressure for working professionals. The study concludes that research writing is not merely a technical task but a socially and emotionally embedded process requiring holistic support. It recommends clearer supervisory feedback, stronger institutional scaffolding, and policy adjustments that balance productivity with student realities.





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